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Dictionary of Northern Mythology


Synopsis


Over 1700 entries cover mythology and religion of heathen Germanic tribes: Scandinavians, Goths, Angles and Saxons, 1500 BC-1000 AD. For two and a half thousand years, from 1500 BC to AD 1000, a culture as significant as the classical civilisation of the Mediterranean world settled an immense area in northern Europe that stretched from Iceland to the Black Sea.But the sources of our knowledge about these societies are relatively few, leaving the gods of the North shrouded in mystery. In compiling this dictionary Rudolf Simek has made the fullest possible use of the information available -Christian accounts, Eddic lays, the Elder Edda, runic inscriptions, Roman authors (especially Tacitus), votive stones, place names and archaeological discoveries. He has adhered throughout to a broad definition of mythology which presents the beliefs of the heathen Germanic tribes in their entirety: not only tales of the gods, but beings from lower levels of belief: elves, dwarfs and giants; the beginning and end of the world; the creation of man,death and the afterlife; cult, burial customs and magic - an entire history of Germanic religion. RUDOLF SIMEK is Professor of Medieval German and Scandinavian literature at the University of Bonn in Germany.

Summary

Chapter 1: Æsir and Vanir

* Summary: Introduces the two main groups of gods in Norse mythology: the Æsir and the Vanir.
* Real Example: Odin, Thor, and Freya are prominent Æsir deities, while Njörðr, Freyr, and Freja are important Vanir deities.

Chapter 2: Dwarves and Giants

* Summary: Describes the two races of supernatural creatures: dwarves, known for their craftsmanship and knowledge, and giants, powerful but often hostile.
* Real Example: The dwarf Brokkr forged the hammer Mjölnir for Thor, while the giant Hrungnir challenged Thor to a duel.

Chapter 3: Elves and Fairies

* Summary: Explores the ethereal beings known as elves and fairies, with their connection to nature and the realm of spirits.
* Real Example: The light elves (Ljósálfar) dwell in Alfheimr, while the dark elves (Svartálfar) are associated with the underworld.

Chapter 4: Heroes and Sagas

* Summary: Presents the legendary heroes of Norse mythology, whose tales of adventure and prowess have been preserved in the sagas.
* Real Example: Beowulf, the Geatish warrior, fought the monster Grendel in the Anglo-Saxon epic poem of the same name.

Chapter 5: Creatures of the Underworld

* Summary: Describes the monstrous and malevolent creatures that inhabit Helheim, the Norse underworld.
* Real Example: The Midgard Serpent, a giant serpent that encircles the world, is one of the most fearsome creatures in Norse mythology.

Chapter 6: Ragnarok and Creation

* Summary: Explains the prophesied end of the world in Norse mythology, known as Ragnarok, and the subsequent creation of a new world.
* Real Example: The wolf Fenrir, chained by the gods, is destined to break free and kill Odin during Ragnarok.

Chapter 7: Rituals and Magic

* Summary: Explores the religious practices and magic beliefs of the ancient Norse people.
* Real Example: Völva, female shamans, performed divination and other magical rituals.

Chapter 8: The Runes

* Summary: Describes the ancient Norse alphabet of runic characters, used for writing and divination.
* Real Example: The rune Fehu represents wealth and prosperity, while the rune Uruz symbolizes strength and courage.